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Frances Parkinson Keyes
・ Frances Parthenope Verney
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・ Frances Peralta
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Frances Parkinson Keyes : ウィキペディア英語版
Frances Parkinson Keyes

Frances Parkinson Keyes (July 21, 1885 – July 3, 1970) was an American author, and a convert to Roman Catholicism, whose works frequently featured Catholic themes and beliefs. Her last name rhymes with "skies," not "keys."
==Life and career==
Frances Parkinson Wheeler was born in Charlottesville, Virginia. She married Henry W. Keyes ("Henry Wilder, always called Harry")〔''Roses in December''. Frances Parkinson Keyes. Doubleday & Company, Inc. 1970. p. 31.〕 on June 8th, 1904. They had three sons together. They lived in Washington, D.C., and Virginia for a quarter of a century while Henry, a Republican, served in the United States Senate. He had earlier served as Governor of New Hampshire. The story of their courtship is told in Mrs. Keyes' first autobiography, ''Roses in December''. The story of their marriage is recounted in her second autobiography, ''All Flags Flying''. Henry Keyes was much older than his bride and, having never married before, was quite set in his ways. Early on he was dismissive of his wife's writing talent, and the acceptance of her first manuscript by a reputable publisher was a triumph personally as well as professionally. She wrote a series of articles for ''Good Housekeeping'' magazine beginning in the 1920s titled "Letters from a Senator's Wife." These were eventually collected into a book by the same name, one of three nonfiction books she wrote about her experiences in Washington. (The others were ''Capital Kaleidoscope'' and ''All Flags Flying''. Her 1941 novel ''All That Glitters'' is also about Washington politics.)
Educated privately at home and later at Miss Windsor's school in Boston, Keyes had college ambitions that she abandoned upon her engagement. It was a loss she felt so acutely that, according to her autobiography "Roses in December," she extracted a promise from her fiance that should they ever have a daughter, she would be given the opportunity to attend college. Mrs. Keyes commented that this was the only promise she asked for upon her engagement, and that it was highly unusual in that era for an unmarried couple to speak of possible future children - a measure of how strongly she felt about education and how greatly she regretted her lost opportunities. Her education was supplemented with extensive travel in Europe, and she grew up trilingual, speaking English, French and German. Health issues forced her to abandon her study of Greek in school as her mother and doctor felt she was carrying too heavy an academic load.
Keyes' first book, ''The Old Gray Homestead,'' was published in 1919. In 1934 Keyes received an honorary Litt.D. from Bates College. Upon her spouse's death in 1938, she wrote books and magazine articles prolifically. Her novels are set in New England, Virginia, Louisiana, Normandy and South America, reflecting her upbringing and extensive travel.

In the 1950s, she purchased the historic Beauregard House in New Orleans’ French Quarter and became a fixture of New Orleans life. The house was built by the grandfather of chess master Paul Morphy, whose life is the subject of Keyes' book ''The Chess Players''. The circumstances of the house's construction and early habitation are told in that book. Today the house is a museum. Many of Keyes' books are set in southern Louisiana and she eloquently described societal life and conventions in her historical novels. Keyes' novel ''Blue Camellia'' tells about the development of south Louisiana from swampland to productive rice farms. ''The River Road'' deals with the sugar plantations of the Mississippi River Delta and ''Crescent Carnival'' (her first Louisiana novel) tells the history of Carnival since the 1890s (with a good deal about Creole culture and its decline during that period). ''Once On Esplanade: A Cycle Between Two Creole Weddings'' is a fictionalized biography, originally written for teenage girls, of the Creole woman who provided Keyes with much of her understanding of Creole life between the Civil War and the First World War. Given the details with which Keyes writes about her subject matter, it is easy to forget her books are novels. She went to great lengths to research her subject matter and ensure the historical, geographical, linguistic and even scientific accuracy of her writings. Many of her books include a dozen or more real people among the characters, many famous, some obscure and some even still living at the time she wrote them into her books (with their permission, of course). Keyes traveled on location to learn about her topics and enlisted local historians and residents to assist her. The meticulousness of her detailed accounts make her novels valuable tools for learning about a time long past and customs that have died away.
Modern readers will find her depictions of African-American characters generally regressive and simplistic, and there are occasional patches of the pre-World War II fashionable anti-Semitism in her Jewish characters. Some of her Irish and Italian characters are cliched, or even burlesques of stereotypes. While Keyes was a popular author of the 1940s and 50s, existing editions of her books are becoming rare, and many libraries have unfortunately purged her books from their shelves. However, a lively trade in Keyes books exists on Amazon.com, eBay and other auction sites, especially those devoted to books. There are a number of fan discussion sites devoted to her work, especially her Catholicism, which appeals to her many Catholic fans.
Keyes' conversion to Catholicism can be traced through her writings. As her world expanded from that of an educated New Englander to an increasingly sophisticated political wife and international traveler, so did her interest in the Catholic religion. She met many devout Catholics who were leaders beyond the realm of the Church. In the introduction to "Tongues of Fire," her book about Christian missionaries fueled by the Holy Spirit, she humorously notes that it may have been during the hour-long sermons of the Congregationalist church that she "took her first steps toward Catholicism."
Keyes strongly believed in the virtue of chastity and furthermore believed that it was important for a woman to be a virgin on her wedding night. Her morality of courtship and marriage will seem strange and impractical to contemporary readers. However, Keyes wrote with sensitivity about the lives of people trapped in the conventional morality she advocated: individuals trapped in loveless marriages, those unfairly stigmatized by their peers, those struggling with temptation, young people suffocated by the Victorian-era rules of courtship, and those born out of wedlock.
Keyes died in 1970, at the age of 84, in New Orleans.

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